技术

VScode配置C/C++环境

说明

Dev C++停止更新很久，codeblocks开源但也许久没有发布新版，加上这两个都没有代码提示，语法高亮也很丑，所以便使用VScode开发，特此记录。

步骤

1.安装MinGW

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# 官网在线安装

https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/Toolchains%20targetting%20Win32/Personal%20Builds/mingw-builds/installer/mingw-w64-install.exe/download



# 官网离线安装

https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/Toolchains%20targetting%20Win64/Personal%20Builds/mingw-builds/

设置如下图：

MinGW下载设置

建议安装在C盘根目录，不要安装在文件夹名有空格的目录下，本文安装目录为C:\MinGW\

2021.1.6 更新

上述下载网站版本过旧，且国内网速过慢，建议使用下述地址，版本新网速快

下载地址：mingw

2.下载安装好后请将此目录添加为系统环境变量C:\MinGW\mingw64\bin

3.打开VScode，安装扩展Code Runner和C/C++

4.新建一个文件夹，此文件夹为以后C/C++程序文件夹

新建的这个文件夹即工作目录，配置好以后，可以在此目录下继续新建文件夹，不需要再次配置

5.在新建文件夹内新建.vscode，内含launch.json，tasks.json，c_cpp_properties.json三个文件，文件内容如下：

launch.json

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{

    "version": "0.2.0",

    "configurations": [

        {

            "name": "(gdb) Launch", // 配置名称，将会在启动配置的下拉菜单中显示

            "type": "cppdbg", // 配置类型，这里只能为cppdbg

            "request": "launch", // 请求配置类型，可以为launch（启动）或attach（附加）

            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe", // 将要进行调试的程序的路径

            "args": [], // 程序调试时传递给程序的命令行参数，一般设为空即可

            "stopAtEntry": false, // 设为true时程序将暂停在程序入口处，一般设置为false

            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}", // 调试程序时的工作目录，一般为${workspaceFolder}

            "environment": [],

            "externalConsole": true, // 调试时是否显示控制台窗口，一般设置为true显示控制台

            "MIMode": "gdb",

            "miDebuggerPath": "C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/gdb.exe", // miDebugger的路径，注意这里要与MinGw的路径对应

            "preLaunchTask": "gcc", // 调试会话开始前执行的任务，一般为编译程序，c++为g++, c为gcc

            "setupCommands": [

                {

                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",

                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",

                    "ignoreFailures": false

                }

            ]

        }

    ]

}

tasks.json（C语言）

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{

    "version": "2.0.0",

    "command": "gcc",

    "args": [

        "-g",

        "${file}",

        "-o",

        "${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"

    ]

}

tasks.json（C++）

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{

    "version": "2.0.0",

    "command": "g++",

    "args": [

        "-g",

        "${file}",

        "-o",

        "${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"

    ], // 编译命令参数

    "problemMatcher": {

        "owner": "cpp",

        "fileLocation": [

            "relative",

            "${workspaceFolder}"

        ],

        "pattern": {

            "regexp": "^(.*):(\\d+):(\\d+):\\s+(warning|error):\\s+(.*)$",

            "file": 1,

            "line": 2,

            "column": 3,

            "severity": 4,

            "message": 5

        }

    }

}

c_cpp_properties.json

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{

    "configurations": [

        {

            "name": "Win32",

            "includePath": [

                "C:/MinGW/mingw64/include/**",

                "C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++",

                "C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-mingw32",

                "C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/backward",

                "C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include",

                "C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include-fixed",

                "C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include"

            ],

            "browse": {

                "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,

                "databaseFilename": ""

            }

        }

    ],

    "version": 4

}
includePath获取方法

1.打开cmd，输入gcc -v -E -x c++ -，结果如下：

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Using built-in specs.

COLLECT_GCC=C:\MinGW\mingw64\bin\gcc.exe

Target: x86_64-w64-mingw32

Configured with: ../../../src/gcc-8.1.0/configure --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --build=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --target=x86_64-w64-mingw32 --prefix=/mingw64 --with-sysroot=/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64 --enable-shared --enable-static --disable-multilib --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,lto --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-threads=win32 --enable-libgomp --enable-libatomic --enable-lto --enable-graphite --enable-checking=release --enable-fully-dynamic-string --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-bootstrap --disable-rpath --disable-win32-registry --disable-nls --disable-werror --disable-symvers --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --with-arch=nocona --with-tune=core2 --with-libiconv --with-system-zlib --with-gmp=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-mpfr=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-mpc=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-isl=/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static --with-pkgversion='x86_64-win32-seh-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project' --with-bugurl=https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64 CFLAGS='-O2 -pipe -fno-ident -I/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/include' CXXFLAGS='-O2 -pipe -fno-ident -I/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/include' CPPFLAGS=' -I/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/include -I/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/include' LDFLAGS='-pipe -fno-ident -L/c/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/opt/lib -L/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-zlib-static/lib -L/c/mingw810/prerequisites/x86_64-w64-mingw32-static/lib '

Thread model: win32

gcc version 8.1.0 (x86_64-win32-seh-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project)

COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-E' '-mtune=core2' '-march=nocona'

 C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/cc1plus.exe -E -quiet -v -iprefix C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/ -U_REENTRANT - -mtune=core2 -march=nocona

ignoring duplicate directory "C:/MinGW/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++"

ignoring duplicate directory "C:/MinGW/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-mingw32"

ignoring duplicate directory "C:/MinGW/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/backward"

ignoring duplicate directory "C:/MinGW/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include"

ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64C:/msys64/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../include"

ignoring duplicate directory "C:/MinGW/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include-fixed"

ignoring duplicate directory "C:/MinGW/mingw64/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include"

ignoring nonexistent directory "C:/mingw810/x86_64-810-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/mingw/include"

#include "..." search starts here:

#include <...> search starts here:

 C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++

 C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-mingw32

 C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/backward

 C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include

 C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include-fixed

 C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include

End of search list.

2.将第19-24行得到的路径替换到c_cpp_properties.json文件includepath中的第7-12行

注意，includepath中第一行为安装目录下include目录，其余为刚刚cmd中获取到的目录，书写注意格式。

运行程序

在工作目录下新建welcome.c文件，内容如下：

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#include<stdio.h>



int main() {

    printf("welcome to 124.221.171.144!");

    return 0;

}

点击右上角的 图标运行代码，结果如下：

运行结果

写在最后

建议配置文件内容均使用C++版本，也就是命令使用g++而不是gcc，C语言可以在C++环境下运行，相反则不行。

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